Description

Calcium Hypochlorite – Properties, Applications & Safety

Introduction

Calcium Hypochlorite (Ca(ClO)₂) is a white or grayish solid widely used as a disinfectant, bleaching agent, and sanitizer. It is commonly known as chlorinated lime or simply pool chlorine due to its popularity in swimming pool and drinking water treatment.

With a strong oxidizing action, calcium hypochlorite is one of the most effective and economical chlorine-based chemicals for controlling bacteria, algae, and pathogens.

🔬 Properties of Calcium Hypochlorite

• Chemical Formula: Ca(ClO)₂

• Molecular Weight: 142.98 g/mol

• Appearance: White/gray granules or tablets, chlorine odor

• Available Chlorine Content: 65–70% (commercial grade)

• Solubility: Slightly soluble in water, releasing chlorine

• Stability: Stable when dry, decomposes when exposed to moisture or heat

⚙️ Industrial & Commercial Applications

• Water Treatment: disinfection of drinking water, swimming pools, and wastewater

• Public Health: control of bacteria, fungi, algae, and harmful pathogens

• Food Industry: sanitizer for equipment, containers, and food-contact surfaces (regulated)

• Paper & Textile Industry: bleaching agent in pulp and fabrics

• Emergency Use: portable water disinfection tablets for disaster relief and field operations

⚠️ Safety & Handling

• Oxidizing Agent: can react vigorously with organic materials, oils, and reducing agents

• Protective Equipment Required: gloves, goggles, masks when handling

• Storage: keep in cool, dry, ventilated areas away from heat and moisture

• Environmental Precautions: avoid release into natural water sources without dilution and control

• Regulated under UN 1748 / UN 2880 for transport of hazardous materials

🌍 Global Regulation

• Controlled under EPA (USA) and REACH (EU) for water treatment chemicals

• Widely approved for potable water disinfection at regulated concentrations

• Transport and bulk storage subject to hazardous materials regulations